Reconstruction of the phylogeny for the genus Naemorhedus: samples from Northeast and North China provide new evidence for taxonomic status

The gorals (Naemorhedus), widely distributed ungulates across Asia, are facing significant threats from habitat fragmentation and human disturbance. Phylogenetic studies facilitate taxonomic revisions by revealing evolutionary relationships and phylogenetic distinctiveness among species, thereby informing the prioritization of conservation efforts to sustain genetic diversity, maintain ecological functions and formulate effective population protection strategies. However, taxonomic controversies persist within this genus. Previous studies lacked genetic samplings from northern China, resulting in unresolved discrepancies in the taxonomic status of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus). In this study, we added new samples from Northeast and North China. We analyzed all currently available complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (1 140 bp), the control region (1 127 bp), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (1 545 bp) to verify the phylogenetic status of this genus. Phylogenetic Trees consistently supported the validity of six species: Naemorhedus evansi, Naemorhedus baileyi, Naemorhedus cranbrooki, N. griseus, Naemorhedus goral, and Naemorhedus caudatus. This finding was consistent with morphological and geographical evidence and further revealed that N. griseus populations distributed in China were subdivided into northeastern and southwestern subclades. Our results establish a robust foundation for further research into the genetic differentiation among isolated subpopulations of the Chinese goral, while providing critical scientific support for the management and conservation of genetic resources. This study contributes to the maintenance of gene pool diversity and offers actionable insights for advancing scientific conservation efforts targeting this species.